It was estimated that more than one million individuals develop worldwide colorectal cancer each year and the disease-related mortality corresponds to about 33% in the developed world. Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in Europe. Colon cancer stem cells seem to be involved in tumor chemoresistance, radioresistance and relapse.Ĭolorectal cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies worldwide, being second in males and third in females for its frequency and ranking fourth and third for cancer-related deaths among males and females, respectively. Various experimental evidence suggests that colorectal cancers may derive from the malignant transformation of intestinal stem cells or of intestinal cells that acquire stem cell properties following malignant transformation. The homeostasis of the rapidly renewing intestinal epithelium is ensured by few stem cells present at the level of the base of intestinal crypts. The ensemble of molecular studies, including gene expression studies, has led to two proposed classifications of colorectal cancers, with the identification of four/five non-overlapping groups. Studies carried out in the last years have characterized the main molecular alterations occurring in colorectal cancers, showing that the tumor of each patient displays from two to eight driver mutations. In many patients, the development of a colorectal cancer is preceded by a benign neoplastic lesion: either an adenomatous polyp or a serrated polyp. Most colorectal cancer occurrences are sporadic, not related to genetic predisposition or family history however, 20–30% of patients with colorectal cancer have a family history of colorectal cancer and 5% of these tumors arise in the setting of a Mendelian inheritance syndrome. As you scroll through one pane, the other panes move accordingly (at different speeds depending on their zoom levels) to remain aligned at the centre.Colon cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. The three panes in this window are at quite different zoom levels the green overview at the bottom shows three rectangles corresponding to the regions shown in each of the three panes above. Sonic Visualiser 0.9 showing a waveform, beat locations detected by a Vamp plugin, an onset likelihood curve, a spectrogram with instantaneous frequency estimates and a "harmonic cursor" showing the relative locations of higher harmonics of a frequency, a waveform mapped to dB scale, and an amplitude measure shown using a colour shading. Here we see a log-frequency spectrogram and a waveform of part of Bob Dylan's "Don't Think Twice, It's All Right". The Russian translation is included in the standard program and should be used automatically if your locale is set appropriately. Sonic Visualiser 1.0 in Russian – translation thanks to the hard work of Alexandre Prokoudine. The spectrogram pane below it shows estimated instantaneous frequencies for peak FFT bins. The waveform pane at the top is overlaid with a spectral centroid calculation (the coloured shading), the outputs of two note onset detection Vamp plugins (red and black vertical lines – neither of them seems to work very well on this sort of music) and the onset likelihood function from a third onset detection plugin (the blue curve). (In fact the whole final movement is loaded and may be scrolled through – see the green overview at the bottom of the window.) Sonic Visualiser 1.0 showing about a minute of the final movement of Mahler's 9th symphony, performed by the Czech Philharmonic under Vaclav Neumann. The notes from the tracker are played using a piano sample, configured in the plugin dialog visible. Overlaid on the spectrogram is a note layer, showing the output of a note-tracker Vamp plugin that is being evaluated. (The music is "After the Pain" by Carlos Pino.) Sonic Visualiser 1.0 showing a waveform pane and a melodic range spectrogram pane. Sonic Visualiser 3.0, running on Windows, showing a waveform, a melodic range spectrogram, and a key analysis carried out by a Vamp plugin. It was developed at the Centre for Digital Music at Queen Mary, University of London. Sonic Visualiser is Free Software, distributed under the GNU General Public License (v2 or later) and available for Linux, OS/X, and Windows. We hope Sonic Visualiser will be of particular interest to musicologists, archivists, signal-processing researchers and anyone else looking for a friendly way to take a look at what lies inside the audio file. The aim of Sonic Visualiser is to be the first program you reach for when want to study a musical recording rather than simply listen to it. Sonic Visualiser is an application for viewing and analysing the contents of music audio files.
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